Diabetic retinopathy is a complication of diabetes that affects the blood vessels in the retina, leading to bleeding, swelling, and vision loss. Early stages may not present symptoms, but untreated diabetic retinopathy can result in severe vision impairment or blindness. Treatment options include laser therapy, injections, and surgery, depending on the severity. Early detection through regular eye exams and proper management of diabetes are crucial to preserving vision.